The Meteorology of the Ancients: The case of the agricultural and wine-growing world, between traditional knowledge and scientif

No manifestation of nature and the sky had secrets for the Ancients of the agricultural and wine-growing world. Since ancient times, they knew how to observe and pass on their knowledge, mostly in the form of sayings, in order to protect themselves against climatic hazards and ensure good harvests. This oral transmission also included advice on the favorable periods for agricultural practices (pruning, fertilization, plowing, harvesting, etc.) - it took place during evening gatherings, patronal feasts, facilitating exchanges and ensuring the bonds within the village community and between generations. It should not be forgotten that until the Industrial Revolution in the mid-19th century, France was 90% rural and mainly concerned with ensuring its food supply. In all current research on the relationship between meteorology and crops, the starting point is the wealth of information based on the observation and experience of people of the land. Researchers have benefited from this knowledge, the result of a long experience acquired over many centuries, with excellent observation of the interactions between the sky and the earth, where humans and plants thrive. While sciences, techniques, and technologies progress, the knowledge of the Ancients that fueled and still fuels academic research should not be forgotten or scorned. The Ancients' knowledge in weather prediction through sayings, by observing nature and its phenomena, still holds true today in large part, deserving our attention and respect. This popular knowledge is a true heritage. Roger-Paul Dubrion is an agrégé in history and geography, with a doctorate in bioclimatology. His work mainly focuses on climates and their relationship with plants, including vineyards. His publications have been recognized at the national and international levels. He is the current scientific director of the Center for the History of Vine and Wine.