This book traces the evolution of the production, consumption, and trade of wine in ancient Italy over six centuries, from the 3rd century BC to the early 4th century AD. First published in 1986, it was a landmark in the history of Roman economy. It was the result of extensive research combining, under the gaze of a wine enthusiast, a reader of Roger Dion and Emile Peynaud, a completely renewed interpretation of written sources (the book includes an appendix listing all references to wines of that era) and the archaeological material available at the time. Publications on amphorae have multiplied incredibly since then. The preface highlights the main works of the past thirty years in this field and indicates their impact on some of the book's conclusions, although several have stood the test of time. A more recent text at the end of the volume enriches it with new ideas on the export of Italian wine to Gaul at the end of the Roman Republic.